Ar hyn of bryd mae'r cynnwys hwn ar gael yn Saesneg yn unig.
Ar hyn of bryd mae'r cynnwys hwn ar gael yn Saesneg yn unig.
Ar hyn of bryd mae'r cynnwys hwn ar gael yn Saesneg yn unig.
hyrwyddo a dathlu cerddoriaeth Cymru
promoting and celebrating the music of Wales
+44 (0)29 2063 5640
Mansel Thomas 1909-86
Erys safle Mansel Thomas fel cyfansoddwr Cymreig heb bylu, ac am ei wasanaeth i gerddoriaeth ym Mhrydain derbyniodd FRAM yn 1951, OBE yn 1970, Cymrodoriaeth Athro ym Mhrifysgol Aberystwyth yn 1972 a Gwobr Goffa John Edwards gan Gymdeithas Cerddoriaeth Cymru yn 1983. Trasiedi oedd iddo ddioddef salwch difrifol ym Medi 1979 ac ni chyfansoddodd fawr ddim o bwys wedi hynny. Priododd y sielydd Gymreig Megan Lloyd yn 1939 ac fe anwyd iddynt ddwy ferch, Grace a Siân. Bu farw yng Nghartref Nyrsio Glaslyn Court, Gilwern, ger Y Fenni ar 8 Ionawr 1986 yn 76 oed, ac fe'i claddwyd yn Eglwys y Santes Fair Forwyn, Magwyr, sir Fynwy ar 11 Ionawr.
Gadawodd Mansel Thomas waddol sylweddol a thra gwerthfawr o gyfansoddiadau ac mae'r cyfan bron o'r rhai anghyhoeddedig bellach yn cael eu cyhoeddi gan Ymddiriedolaeth Mansel Thomas, a sefydlwyd yn 1987 gyda'r prif nod o gyhoeddi'r casgliad mawr o weithiau'r cyfansoddwr a oedd yn dal mewn llawysgrif. Cafodd yr Ymddiriedolaeth statws elusen y flwyddyn ganlynol ac mae'r prosiect cyhoeddi yn parhau. Mae'r cynnydd diweddar yn y gweithiau cyhoeddedig sydd ar gael wedi ysgogi diddordeb newydd a hybu perfformiadau nid yn unig yng Nghymru ond yn lletach yn y DU ac yn rhyngwladol yn Ewrop, UDA, Canada ac Awstralia. Pleser mawr i Ymddiriedolaeth Mansel Thomas oedd yr ymateb rhyngwladol brwd i ddathliadau canmlwyddiant y cyfansoddwr yn 2009 ac mae'n ddiolchgar o weld mwy o'i gerddoriaeth yn ymddangos ar recordiadau CD ardderchog. Mae llawer mwy eto i berfformwyr ei ddarganfod yng nghrefftwaith aruchel ac arddull ddeniadol y cyfansoddwr coeth hwn fel y bydd mwy a mwy o'i gorff sylweddol o gyfansoddiadau yn ymddangos mewn print. I hybu hyn mae Ymddiriedolaeth Mansel Thomas wedi cynhyrchu cyfres o wyth catalog sy'n rhestru ei holl gyfansoddiadau cyhoeddedig. Gellir gweld y rhain ar-lein a'u cael ar ffurf llyfrynnau yn rhad ac am ddim gan yr Ymddiriedolaeth. Gellir hefyd gael copïau o gerddoriaeth ddalen i'w harchwilio trwy wneud cais i argraffwyr yr Ymddiriedolaeth, Banks Music Publications.
© Terence Gilmore-James
Ganed Mansel Thomas yn Stryd Llewelyn, Pont-y-gwaith, ger Tylorstown, Rhondda Fach, Morgannwg, 12 Mehefin 1909, yn fab i Theophilus ac Edith Treharne Thomas. Yr oedd ganddo frawd hÅ·n, Wilfred, a fu farw'n blentyn, a chwaer iau, Elizabeth. Yr oedd ei dad yn gerddor amatur brwd, yn arweinydd y gân yng nghapel y Bedyddwyr, Hermon, Pont-y-gwaith, ac yn adnabyddus o fewn yr ardal fel arweinydd corawl. Anogodd ei fab i astudio cerddoriaeth, yn enwedig pan ddechreuodd y bachgen ifanc amlygu doniau nodedig.
Cydnabuwyd y doniau cerddorol arbennig hyn ymhellach pan enillodd Mansel Thomas, ac yntau'n ddisgybl 16 oed yn Ysgol Sir y Porth, Ysgoloriaeth y Rhondda a'i galluogodd i fynd i'r Academi Gerdd Frenhinol. Dan adain cyfansoddwr Benjamin Dale cafodd yrfa ddisglair fel myfyriwr, gan ennill nifer o wobrau a graddio yn 1930 â gradd allanol B.Mus. ym Mhrifysgol Durham.
Treuliodd bum mlynedd fel cerddor llawrydd yn Llundain, gan weithio'n arbennig fel cyfansoddwr, arweinydd a hyfforddwr. Yn 1934 arweiniodd Gerddorfa Simffoni Llundain yn ei ‘Thema ac Amrywiadau’ yn Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Castell-nedd. Profodd ei ddawn i gyfansoddi ar gyfer cerddorfa yn bwysig iddo yn ystod ei flynyddoedd gyda'r BBC, felly hefyd ei allu fel cyfansoddwr caneuon a chyfansoddwr corawl nid yn unig yn y cyfnod hwn ond ar hyd ei yrfa.
Yn 1936 ymunodd â'r BBC yng Nghaerdydd fel cynorthwy-ydd cerdd a dirprwy arweinydd Cerddorfa Gymreig y BBC a oedd newydd ei ffurfio. Wedi gwasanaeth milwrol yn y Royal Army Service Corps, 1943-46, ailafaelodd yn ei ddyletswyddau gyda'r BBC, ond fel Prif Arweinydd y gerddorfa, ac yn 1950 fe'i penodwyd yn Bennaeth Cerdd BBC Cymru. Yr oedd y rhain yn flynyddoedd ffurfiannol ac o dan ei ofal proffesiynol ef cynyddodd nifer ac ansawdd y darllediadau o gerddoriaeth Gymreig.
Er iddo lwyddo'n ddi-feth i greu amser i gyfansoddi a threfnu, yr oedd y cynnydd yn ei ddyletswyddau yn y BBC - gyda dechreuad teledu yn cyflwyno dimensiwn pellach - yn golygu na châi'r amser a chwenychai i gyfansoddi. Penderfynodd felly ymddeol yn gynnar yn 1965 er mwyn ymroi i gyfansoddi. Symudodd gyda'i wraig Megan i fwthyn o'r 16eg ganrif mewn ardal wledig yng ngogledd Gwent lle y cynhyrchodd ei weithiau pwysicaf, yn enwedig ei weithiau lleisiol a chorawl. Gallai gyfansoddi yn ôl ei ddymuniad ac ymateb i gomisiynau, gan gynnwys dilyniant corawl ‘Rhapsodi i Dywysog’ ar gyfer Arwisgiad Brenhinol 1969.
Yr oedd Mansel Thomas yn un o gerddorion pwysicaf a mwyaf dylanwadol ei genhedlaeth yng Nghymru. Yr oedd yn enwog trwy'r Dywysogaeth(ac ymhell tu hwnt) fel cyfansoddwr, arweinydd a beirniad, ac am flynyddoedd ef oedd prif gynrychiolydd cerdd y BBC yng Nghymru. Gallai felly gefnogi a hybu, a hynny'n nodweddiadol hael, yrfa gynnar nifer o gyfansoddwyr a pherfformwyr a ddaeth wedyn i'r brig. Cyfansoddodd ef ei hunan ystod eang o gerddoriaeth - yn unawdau lleisiol, darnau corawl (i leisiau cymysg, lleisiau merched, lleisiau meibion a lleisiau plant), darnau offerynnol (unigol a siambr), a darnau i fand ac i gerddorfa. Yr oedd yr un mor gartrefol mewn cerddoriaeth gysegredig a cherddoriaeth seciwlar, ond mynegodd ei hun yn fwy naturiol a diymdrech mewn gweithiau byr a chanolig nag mewn ffurfiau estynedig, megis oratorio, opera a simffoni. Parhaodd ei yrfa gyfansoddi am 60 mlynedd ymron ac mae'n disgyn i dri chyfnod - hyd at ac yn cynnwys yr Ail Ryfel Byd; 1946 hyd ei ymddeoliad cynnar yn 1965; a 1965 hyd 1979.
Lluniwyd ei gyfansoddiad cyntaf o bwys - “Cennin aur” - yng nghanol neu yn hwyr yn y 1920au yn benodol ar gyfer Côr Meibion Pendyrus a oedd newydd ei ffurfio ac a fyddai'n ymarfer yn ymyl ei gartref yn Tylorstown. Daeth y rhangan yn adnabyddus iawn ac yn 1939 gofynnodd W. S. Gwynn Williams (Cwmni Cyhoeddi Gwynn) am fersiwn ohoni i gorau cymysg, a ddaeth yn fuan yn fwy poblogaidd na'r gwreiddiol i gorau meibion. Mae caneuon a darnau corawl yn amlwg ym mhob un o'r cyfnodau ac mae'n debyg mai yn rhinwedd y rhain y mae ei enw yn fwyaf adnabyddus i berfformwyr a chynulleidfaoedd heddiw. Ceir dros 150 o ganeuon gwreiddiol a threfniannau o alawon traddodiadol i leisiau unigol; ymhlith y caneuon adnabyddus mae “Y Bardd”, “Coeden afalau”, “A Hymn to God the Father”, “Eifionydd” a'r ddwy set o ddeuddeg cân “Caneuon Grace a Siân” a “Caneuon y Misoedd”. Mae'r gweithiau corawl yn darparu ar gyfer amrywiaeth o grwpiau - meibion, cymysg, merched ac ieuenctid/plant. Yn ychwanegol at “Cennin aur” (TTBB a SATB), ceir gosodiadau i TTBB o emyndonau ac alawon Cymreig (megis “Llanfair”, “Llef” a “Fantasia on Welsh Airs”) a'r gweithiau gwreiddiol coeth “Psalm 135” a “Anthem of Challenge and Comfort”. Y mae hefyd ystod eang o weithiau ysbrydoledig i SATB - rhanganau a threfniannau o alawon traddodiadol Cymreig (megis “Ar lan y môr” ac “Ar hyd y nos”), motetau ac anthemau (gan gynnwys gweithiau ar gyfer Gŵyl Ddewi ac ar gyfer priodasau ei ddwy ferch), a gweithiau ar raddfa fwy megis ei “Requiem” a'r gantawd “In Praise of Wisdom”. Mae'r cyfansoddiadau i gorau merched a chorau ieuenctid/plant yn cyfuno'r cantorion mewn grwpiau amrywiol - unsain/SS/SA/SSA/SSAA ac yn y blaen - ac yn cynnwys “3 Songs of Enchantment”, “6 Elizabethan Partsongs” a “Songs of Britain” traddodiadol.
Mae ei holl gyfansoddiadau'n amlygu crefft neilltuol a gofal wrth ysgrifennu ar gyfer perfformwyr amatur a phroffesiynol, ac yn arbennig ar gyfer plant ac ieuenctid yn y repertoire lleisiol ac offerynnol. Mae ei weithiau siambr yn defnyddio cyfuniadau amrywiol ac fe'u coronir gan ei “Bumawd i Biano” (gwaith comisiwn); enillodd y trefniannau o alawon Cymreig traddodiadol gryn boblogrwydd trwy ddarllediadau ohonynt ar y BBC gan y ‘Tâf Players’ yn y 1950au. Denwyd cynulleidfaoedd hefyd gan y “Six Welsh Dances” a'r “Breton Suite” (a gyfansoddwyd ac a berfformiwyd gan Gerddorfa Gymreig y BBC), a chan y “Mini Variations on a Welsh Theme” a ysgrifennwyd i Harry Mortimer a'i ‘Fairey Brass Band’. Mae'r gweithiau hyn a'r “Thema ac Amrywiadau” yn adennill tir bellach, yn enwedig ymhlith grwpiau iau, gan gynnwys Cerddorfa Genedlaethol a Band Pres Ieuenctid Cymru.
Mansel Thomas was born in Llewelyn Street, Pontygwaith, near Tylorstown in the Rhondda Fach, Glamorgan, 12 June 1909, the son of Theophilus and Edith Treharne Thomas. He had an older brother, Wilfred, who died in infancy, and a younger sister, Elizabeth. His father, a keen amateur musician and the precentor at Hermon Welsh Baptist Chapel, Pontygwaith, was well-known locally as a choral conductor. He encouraged his son's music studies, especially when the young boy's remarkable talents became increasingly evident.
These outstanding musical gifts were recognized further when, as a pupil at Porth County School, Mansel Thomas was awarded the Rhondda Scholarship which he took up at the Royal Academy of Music in London at the early age of 16. Under the wing of composer Benjamin Dale he enjoyed a brilliant studentship, winning a number of prestigious awards and prizes, and graduating in 1930 with an external Durham B.Mus degree. He then spent 5 years as a freelance musician in London, notably as a composer, conductor and repetiteur.
In 1934 he conducted the London Symphony Orchestra in his “Theme and Variations” at the Neath National Eisteddfod, and this gift for orchestration was to become a considerable aspect of his prowess during his years at the BBC, as was his remarkable inclination for song writing and choral composition not only in this early period but throughout his composing career.
Mansel Thomas joined the BBC in Cardiff in 1936 as music assistant and deputy conductor of the newly-formed BBC Welsh Orchestra. Following war service in the Royal Army Service Corps, 1943-46, he resumed his BBC duties, but as Principal Conductor of the orchestra, and in 1950 he was appointed Head of Music, BBC Wales. These were formative years and broadcasts of Welsh music increased in frequency and quality under his professional scrutiny.
Though he himself never ceased to find some time to compose and arrange, nevertheless the increasing scale of his BBC commitments - and the onset of television introduced yet another dimension - did not allow him the amount of time for composition which he always wanted. Consequently, in 1965 he decided to take early retirement in order to devote himself to composition. He and his wife, Megan, moved to a 16th century cottage in rural north Gwent where he produced what is probably the most important corpus of his work, especially in both vocal and choral spheres. He was able to compose freely and also respond to commissions, including a choral suite “Rhapsody for a Prince” for the Royal Investiture of 1969.
Mansel Thomas was one of the most important and influential musicians of his generation in Wales. Famous throughout the Principality (and far beyond it) as composer, conductor and adjudicator, he was for many years the BBC's principal music representative for Wales and was able to encourage and promote, with characteristic generosity, the early career of many composers and performers who have since become celebrities. He himself wrote a large and varied range of music - solo vocal, choral (mixed, female, male, and children's voices), instrumental (solo and chamber), band and orchestral. He was equally at home in sacred and secular fields, but expressed himself more naturally and spontaneously in works of short and medium duration than in extended forms, such as oratorio, opera and symphony. His composing career spanned almost 60 years and fell approximately into 3 periods - up to and including World War II; 1946 to his early retirement in 1965; and 1965 to 1979.
His first notable composition - “Daffodils”/“Cennin Aur” - was written in the mid/late 1920s specially for the newly-formed Pendyrus Male Choirwhich rehearsed next to his home in Tylorstown. The partsong became so well known that W. S. Gwynn Williams (Gwynn Publishers) requested a mixed choir version of it for publication in 1939, and that soon surpassed in popularity its TTBB original. Songs and choral music are significant in all the periods and are perhaps the elements by which he is chiefly known to performers and audiences today. There are over 150 original songs and traditional-melody arrangements for solo voice; notable songs include “Y Bardd”, “Coeden afalau”, “A Hymn to God the Father”, “Eifionydd” and the 2 sets of 12 songs “Caneuon Grace a Siân” and “Caneuon y Misoedd”. The choral works involve various groups - male, mixed, female and youth/children. In addition to “Daffodils” (TTBB & SATB), there are TTBB settings of Welsh hymn tunes and Welsh airs (such as “Llanfair”, “Llef” and “Fantasia on Welsh Airs”) and the fine original works “Psalm 135” and “Anthem of Challenge and Comfort”. Also a wide range of inspired works for SATB - partsongs and Welsh traditional melody arrangements (such as “Ar lan y môr” and “Ar hyd y nos”), motets and anthems (including those for St David's Day and the weddings of his two daughters), and larger-scale works such as his “Requiem” and the cantata “In Praise of Wisdom”. The compositions for female and youth/children's choirs engage the singers in varied groupings - Unison/SS/SA/SSA/SSAA/ etc - and include the “3 Songs of Enchantment”, “6 Elizabethan Partsongs” and traditional “Songs of Britain”.
All his compositions reveal the consummate skill and care in his writing for amateur as well as professional performers and notably for children and young people in instrumental as well as vocal repertoire. His chamber works explore varied ensembles and are crowned by his Piano Quintet (a commission); the arrangements of Welsh traditional melodies enjoyed popularity during their 1950's BBC broadcasts by the Tâf Players. Audiences were also drawn to the attractive “Six Welsh Dances” and “Breton Suite” (composed for and performed by the BBC Welsh Orchestra), and also to the “Mini Variations on a Welsh Theme” written for Harry Mortimer and his Fairey Brass Band. These works and the “Theme and Variations” are now re-gaining their recognition, not least by younger ensembles, including the Welsh National Youth Orchestra / Brass Band.
Mansel Thomas's stature as a Welsh composer has remained undiminished, and for his services to British music he was awarded the FRAM(1951), OBE (1970), a Professorial Fellowship at Aberystwyth University (1972) and the John Edwards Memorial Award by The Guild for the Promotion of Welsh Music (1983). It was indeed a tragedy when he suffered major illness from September 1979 and he wrote little else of significance thereafter. He married Megan Lloyd, the Welsh cellist, in 1939 and they had two daughters, Grace and Siân. He died at Glaslyn Court Nursing Home, Gilwern, near Abergavenny on 8 January 1986 aged 76, and was buried at St Mary the Virgin Church, Magor, Monmouthshire on 11 January.
Mansel Thomas left an enormous and invaluable legacy of compositions and almost all of those not previously published are now being brought into print by the Mansel Thomas Trust, which was established in 1987 with its main aim being the publication of the composer's enormous corpus of manuscript works. The Trust was granted charitable status the following year and its publications project is still on-going. The recent increase in the availability of his works in publication has done much to regenerate interest and inspire performances not only in Wales but more widely in the UK and internationally in Europe, USA, Canada and Australia. The Mansel Thomas Trust was delighted by the enormous national and international response to the 2009 celebrations for the composer's centenary and is grateful for the increasing appearance of his music on excellent CD recordings. There is so much still for performers to discover in the high craftsmanship and attractive style of this fine composer as more and more of his enormous corpus of compositions appear in print. To assist this, the Mansel Thomas Trust has produced a series of eight catalogues which list his entire music publications. They can be viewed online and are obtainable in booklet form free from the Trust. Sheet music inspection copies are also available on request from the Trust's printers - Banks Music Publications.
© Terence Gilmore-James
